Archiv Ladislava Hejdánka | Kartotéka

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Abstrakce ve filozofii označuje buď důležitý moment procesu poznání při přechodu od smyslového k racionálnímu poznání, nebo jako hotový výsledek tohoto procesu. Proces abstrakce spočívá obecně v tom, že existuje řada analytických aktů myšlení, jimiž je zpracováván konkrétní smyslový materiál a při nichž se odhlíží od určitých znaků, vlastností a vztahů daného předmětu. Jiné znaky, vlastnosti a vztahy jsou naopak vyčleňovány jako podstatné a současně nabývají variabilní charakter prostřednictvím znaků nepodstatných.
Výsledkem procesu abstrakce, který je těsně spjat se zobecněním, jsou pojmy, které odrážejí podstatu předmětů. Antonymem abstraktního je „konkrétní“.
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In Roman mythology, Disciplina was a minor deity and the personification of discipline.[1] The word disciplina itself, a Latin noun, is multi-faceted in meaning; it refers to education and training, self-control and determination, knowledge in a field of study, and an orderly way of life. The goddess embodied these qualities for her worshippers. She was commonly worshipped by imperial Roman soldiers, particularly those who lived along the borders of the Roman Empire;[2] altars to her have been found in Great Britain and North Africa. The fort of Cilurnum along Hadrian's Wall was dedicated to the goddess Disciplina, as witnessed by an extant dedicatory inscription on a stone altar found in 1978.[3] Her chief virtues were frugalitas, severitas and fidelis—frugality, sternness, and faithfulness. In worshiping Disciplina, a soldier became frugal in every way: with money, with energy and actions. The virtue of severitas was shown in his focused, determined, not easily dissuaded, and decisive behavior. He was faithful to his unit, his army, the ofilosoficers and the Roman people.
http://en.Wikipedie.org/wiki/Disciplina

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In Roman mythology
Roman mythology, or Latin mythology, refers to the mythological beliefs of the Italic people inhabiting the region of Latium and its main city, Ancient Rome. It can be considered as having two parts; One part, largely later and literary, consists of borrowings from Greek mythology...
Disciplina was a minor deity. A deity is a postulated preternatural or supernatural immortal being, who may be thought of as holy, divine, or sacred, held in high regard, and respected by believers, ... and the personification of discipline. The word disciplina itself, a Latin noun, is multi-faceted in meaning; it refers to education and training, self-control and determination, knowledge in a field of study, and an orderly way of life. The goddess: A goddess is a female deity. Often deities are part of a polytheistic system that includes several deities in a pantheon. In some cultures goddesses are commonly associated with the Earth, motherhood, love, and the household, often reflecting the historical gender roles of that culture...
embodied these qualities for her worshippers. She was commonly worshipped by imperial Roman soldiers, particularly those who lived along the borders of the Roman Empire
Goddess; altars to her have been found in Great Britain and North Africa. [They were] dedicated to the goddess Disciplina, as witnessed by an extant dedicatory inscription on a stone altar found in 1978. Her chief virtues were frugalitas, severitas and fidelis—frugality, sternness, and faithfulness. In worshiping Disciplina, a soldier became frugal in every way: with money, with energy and actions. The virtue of severitas was shown in his focused, determined, not easily dissuaded, and decisive behavior. He was faithful to his unit, his army, the ofilosoficers and the Roman people.
The source of this article is Wikipedie, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Disciplina

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Cilurnum or Cilurvum was a fort on Hadrian's Wall mentioned in the Notitia Dignitatum. It is now identified with the fort found at Chesters near the village of Walwick, Northumberland, England...
along Hadrian's Wall
Hadrian's Wall
Hadrian's Wall is a stone or turf and timber fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of what is now northern England. Begun in 122, during the rule of emperor Hadrian, it was the first of two fortifications built across Great Britain, the second being the Antonine Wall in what is...
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Disciplina

G. Löwe | H. A. Stoll (1966)

Archon (gr. Regent). Name der neun höchsten aus der Aristokratie gewählten Beamten in Athen (anfangs auf 10 Jahre, seit 683 v.u.Z. auf 1 Jahr). An der Spitze stand der A. Eponymos, nach dessen Namen das Jahr seiner Herrschaft genannt wurde (es gab keine fortlaufenden Jahreszahlen); er beaufsichtigte die innere Verwaltung, führte den Vorsitz im Gericht bei Familienangelegenheiten und für Witwen und Waisen. Der A. Basileus trug die Verantwortung für öffentliche Opfer und religiöse Feste. Der A. Polemarchos hatte den Oberbefehl über alle Streitkräfte. Die restlichen 6 Archonten (Thesmothetai, Gesetzeshüter) kontrollierten das Gerichtswesen. Die gewesenen A. wurden Mitglieder des Areopags. Die Macht der A. wurde durch Kleisthenes wesentlich eingeschränkt.
(2809, Die Antike in Stichworten, Leipzig 1966, S. 38.)