Archiv Ladislava Hejdánka | Kartotéka

Alfred North Whitehead (1933)

One aspect of the history of thought from the Time of Plato to the present day is the struggle between metaphysicians and Positivists over the interpretation of the Laws of Nature. The Greeks, as distinguished from the Alexandrians, are to be looked on the discoverers of ideas, rather /165/ than their systematizers. Thus it is not surprising, that the attitude of Plato on this topic is not as clearly defined as the preceding quotations might imply. In some of his Dialogues his attention is fixed on the distinction between the eternal world of ideas, completely open to the understanding, and the fluent world disclosed by the senses which fails to participate with any exact clarity in the eternal forms. To that extent the sensible world is closed to the understanding. Its history is reduced to matter of fact, incapable od complete rationalization. It is but a short step from the Plato who composed the myth of the shadows on the wall of the cave to the full positivist doctrine of Hume (i.e. the ,Humeʻ of the Treatise), Mill, Comte and Huxley. The main distinction between Plato in his mood of the Moderns – and it is a great disctinction – is that the Platonic emphasis on the eminent reality of the eternal world od ideas must be replaced by the nominalism of most of these moderns.
But in his later Dialogues Plato’s interest is concentrated on cosmology; and, as the quotations show, his final judgement, od the decay of his old age, leads him to an intermediate position between the doctrines of Immanent Law and of Imposed Law.
Section VI. It was Plato in his later mood who put forward the suggestion, „and I hold that the definition of being is simply power“. This suggestion is the charter of the doctrine of Immanent Law.
The next important landmark in the history of his doctrine is provided by the theological Alexandrians, some four to six hundred years later. It is customary to undervalue theology in a secular history of philosophical thought. This is a mistake, since for a period of about thirteen hundred years the ablest thinkers were mostly theologians.
(0029, Adventures of Ideas, Cambridge 1943, p. 164-65.)

Alfred North Whitehead (1948)

I do not like this habit among philosophers, of having recourse to secret stores of information, which are not allowed for in their system of philosophy. They are the ghost od Berkeley´s „God“, and are about as communicative.
(Uniformity and Contingency, in: Essays in Science and Philosoophy, New York 1948, p. 108.)
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Nelíbí se mi u filosofů zvyk, že se uchylují k tajným zdrojům informací, kterým ve svém systému filosofie nepopřávají místa. Jsou to příznaky Berkeleyho „Boha“ a jsou asi stejně komunikativní.
(Uniformita a kontingence, přel.Fr. Marek, in: Matematika a dobro, Praha 1970, str. 74.)

Alfred North Whitehead (1933)

Pokud jde o srovnávání jednoho historického období s ostatními, spojují se dohromady v konečném soudu rozumu dva důvody kritického myšlení, estetický a logický. Každý věk zanechává své poselství, jež se týká skryté podstaty věcí. Civilizacím mohou porozumět jen ti, kteří jsou sami civilizovaní, a civilizace mají tu vlastnost, že osvojení si jich porozuměním odhaluje pravdu o naší vlastní přirozenosti. Bylo již řečeno, že představení velkých tragédií před diváky má jako katarze vášní očistný charakter. Stejně tak působí i velká období historie jako osvícení. Odhalují nám, jací jsme.
(7923, Dobrodružství idejí, přel. Zd. Bígl, Praha 2000, str. 165.)

Alfred North Whitehead (1933)

This growth of the idea of the essential rights of human beings, arising from their sheer humanity, affords a striking example in the history of ideas. It formation and its effective diffusion can be reckoned as a triumph – a chequered triumph – of the later phase of civilization. We shall find out how general ideas arise and are diffused, if we examine the sort of history which belongs to this particular instance.
(0029, Adventures of Ideas, Cambridge Univ. Press 1943, p. 15-16.)
Významný příklad v historii idejí představuje rozvoj ideje základních práv lidských bytostí rodících se z jejich pouhé lidskosti. Sám vznik této ideje a její aktivní rozšiřování může být považováno za triumf – ne však jednoznačný – pozdějšího stadia civilizace. Jestliže prozkoumám typ historie, který náleží tomuto konkrétnímu příkladu, poznáme, jak vznikají obecné ideje a jak se rozšiřují.
(Dobrodružství idejí, Praha 2000, s. 22.) (z korektury)

Alfred North Whitehead (1929)

Newton in his description of space and time has confused what is ,real‘ potentiality with what is actual fact. He had thereby been led to diverge from the judgment of ,the vulgar‘ who „conceive those quantities under no other notions but from the relation they bear to sensible objects.“ The philosophy of organism starts by agreeing with the ,vulgar‘ except that the term ,sensible object‘ is replaced by ,actual entity‘; so as to free our notions from participation in an epistemological theory as to sense-perception. When we further consider how to adjust Newton´s other descriptions to the organic theory, ...
(Process and Reality, New York-London 1979, p. 73.)