Archiv Ladislava Hejdánka | Kartotéka

Lucius Annaeus Seneca (-5 - +65)

Epistula LXXVIII.
Toto contra ille pugnet animo; vincetur, si cesserit, vincet, si se contra dolorem suum intenderit. Nunc hoc plerique faciunt, adtrahunt in se ruinam, cui obstandum est. Istud quod premit, quod inpendet, quod urget, si subducere te coeperis, sequetur et gravius incumbet; si contra steteris et obniti volueris, repelletur. …
[Let such a man fight against them with all his might: if he once gives way, he will be vanquished; but if he strives against his sufferings, he will conquer. As it is, however, what most men do is to drag down upon their own heads a falling ruin which they ought to try to support. If you begin to withdraw your support from that which thrusts toward you and totters and is ready to plunge, it will follow you and lean more heavily upon you; but if you hold your ground and make up your mind to push against it, it will be forced back. …]
(…., Ad Lucilium Epistulae morales, London 1970, p. 190 / 191.)

Marcus Tullius Cicero (-149)

A. I fit is as you say, have we not mason to fear that you are tricking out philosophy in borrowed plumes? What stronger proof of its uselessness can there bet than to find instances of completely trained philosophers who lead disgraceful lives?
M. That is really no proof, for not all cultivated fields are productive, and the datum of Accius is false:
Though placed in poorer soil good seed can yet
Of its own nature bear a shining crop,
and in the same way not all educated minds bear fruit. Moreover, to continue the same comparison, just as a field, however good the grand, cannot be productive without cultivation, so the soul cannot be productive without teaching. So true it is that the one without the other is ineffective. Now the cultivation of the soul is philosophy; this pulls out vices by the roots and makes souls fit for the reception of seed, and commits to the soul and, as we may say, sows in it seed of a kind to bear the richest fruit /161/ when fully grown. Let us go on then as we have begun; tell me if you will, what subject you wish to have discussed.
(4566, Tusculan Disputations, Cicer. Opera vol. XVIII, Loeb 141, transl. J. E. King, Cambridge (Ma) – London 1971, p. 159, 161 – II, V, 13.)

René Descartes (před 1650)

Omnem igitur collocabit industriam in distinguendis & examinandis illis tribus cognoscendi modis, vidensque veritatem proprie vel falsitatem non nisi in solo intellectu esse posse, sed tantummodo ab aliis doubus suam saepe originem ducere, ……
(pag. 66)
Zaměří tedy veškeré úsilí na rozlišení a prozkoumání těch tří způsobů poznání, a když uvidí, že pravda či nepravda může ve vlastní smyslu být pouze v samotném intelektu, zatím co v oněch dalších dvou má často jen svůj původ, …
(str. 67)
(7192, Regulae ad directionem ingenii – Pravidla pro vedení rozumu, Praha 2000, str. 66 a 67.)

Tomáš Akvinský (1224/5-1284)

Articulus quartus
Quarto quaeritur utrum sit tantum una veritas qua omnia sunt vera. Et videtur quod sic: Anselmus enim dicit in libro De veritate31 quod sicut tempus se habet ad temporalia ita veritas ad res veras; sed tempus ita se habet ad omnia temporalia quod est unum tempus tantum; ergo ita se habebit veritas ad omnia vera quod erit tantum una veritas.
(5845, Von der Wahrheit – De veritate, Quaest.I; F.Meiner, Hamburg 1986, S. 24.)

Jan Patočka (1936)

Tak jsou oba naši myslitelé vedeni k otci moderního subjektivismu, k Descartovi. A v tomto bodě, který znamená jeden z nejbohatších uzlů myšlenkových dějin, se jejich snahy též dělí. Descartova filosofie sjednocuje v sobě takové komplexy otázek a takové masy myšlenkových motivů, že všechny drží pohromadě často jen konstruktivní umělost či násilí; je to labyrint, v němž jen nejvyšší filosofické úsilí dovede najít Ariadninu nit. Skrze Descarta vede cesta buď k radikálnímu subjektivismu, nebo k tradičnímu názoru světa objektivistickému, jenž má své kořeny v metafyzice řecké a byl zejména křesťanskou theologií formován. …
(Masarykovo a Husserlovo pojetí duševní krize evropského lidstva, in: Tři studie o Masarykovi, Praha 1991, str. 13-14.)