This lecture, drawing on the philosophical legacy of T. G. Masaryk, Emanuel Rádl, and J. L. Hromádka, explores fundamental ethical questions from a broad perspective. The author advocates for an interpretation of ethics that encompasses all human activities, including those seemingly technical, as they are invariably embedded in broader contexts carrying moral significance. Consequently, ethical concerns permeate politics, science, art, and private life. A central theme is the critique of Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative. The author identifies a flaw in its metaphysical assumption of universal applicability, arguing that a genuine moral call is always concrete, addressed to a specific individual within a unique situation. Unlike Kant’s formal and void imperative, true moral demands are rich in meaning, which remains latent until understood by the recipient. Ethics is thus presented as a situational and non-transferable responsibility, shifting from abstract formalism toward authentic existential experience and individual engagement. This perspective emphasizes that moral truth is found in the uniqueness of the moment and the specificity of the address rather than in generalized laws.