This text examines the philosophical concept of "arché" (the beginning or governing principle) as understood by the earliest Greek philosophers. The author emphasizes that "arché" is not merely a chronological starting point but a fundamental reality that persists and governs all that comes into being. The study traces the development from the monistic theories of Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes, who believed in a single living principle, to more complex pluralistic systems. It covers the ideas of Heraclitus and Empedocles, the latter of whom proposed four passive elements driven by the opposing forces of Love and Strife. Finally, the text explores the atomism of Leucippus and Democritus, who introduced an infinite number of atoms and the concept of the void as a necessary constituent of reality. The summary illustrates how early Greek thought navigated the tension between unity and multiplicity while seeking a permanent foundation for the natural world, setting the stage for subsequent Western ontological inquiry.