This document introduces a seminar on philosophical cosmology. The lecturer explains their intention to explore this topic, despite philosophy's turn away from natural sciences in the last two centuries, often due to negative associations with German "Naturphilosophie." The discussion covers the reasons for this detachment, including the traumatic experiences with Marxist dogmatism in natural sciences and the neo-positivist attempt to define philosophy as a meta-discipline. The lecturer emphasizes the necessity of linking human self-perception with the world and vice versa as a fundamental principle of philosophical cosmology. The document also touches upon modern astrophysical theories, such as the origin of the universe from quantum vacuum fluctuations, and highlights their philosophical implications for our understanding of existence, life, and humanity's place in the cosmos. The topic is presented as urgent, opening new questions at the intersection of science and philosophy.