This text offers a concise commentary on Immanuel Kant's ethical philosophy, specifically focusing on the nature of human action and its underlying internal principles. The author explores the distinction between observable behavior and an individual's internal moral governance, highlighting Kant's specific concept of "maxims" as subjective principles of action that must be distinguished from mere intentions. A central theme is the difficulty of objectively evaluating the moral worth of an action from a purely external perspective. While behavior that contradicts the law can be observed as an empirical fact and experienced as a conscious violation, the internal maxims driving such actions are often inaccessible to outside judgment. The reflection addresses the tension between empirical experience of conduct and its transcendental anchoring in the subject's consciousness. Based on a lecture transcript from January 1994, the document serves as an introduction to analyzing Kant's practical philosophy, emphasizing that human conduct should be understood through the internal principles that guide the self rather than through external outcomes alone.