This text examines the philosophical prerequisites of scientific inquiry, emphasizing the definition of subject matter and methodology as the fundamental pillars of any science. The author points out that the modern conception of science is the result of historical developments and is not the only possible form of knowledge, illustrating this with the ancient Greek concept of episteme. A key argument is that merely defining a research subject is insufficient for establishing a science; a rigorous methodology is equally essential. However, methods do not naturally emerge from the nature of the subject being studied; instead, they are rooted in broader intellectual contexts and human invention. The text further explores the problem of logic and its relationship to reality, questioning whether logic is inherent in objects themselves or functions as a tool of thought and conceptual interconnectedness. Scientific methods are presented as creative constructs that must be constantly verified and corrected, as they are not derived directly from the reality under investigation but are introduced by the subject.