This text addresses the methodological and philosophical approach to the issue of fundamental human rights. The author emphasizes the necessity of a critical analysis of the existing conceptual and linguistic tools that form the basis of our understanding of this field. Firstly, the focus is on examining the reliability and validity of the concepts used. Secondly, the role of language is highlighted, with the text warning against the uncritical adoption of foreign linguistic expressions. Such adoption may disrupt the logical integrity of one's own thinking due to differing semantic connotations. An essential part of the reflection is the historical context and the analysis of the roots of human rights, which extend beyond the scope of mere positive law. The goal is to establish a solid theoretical foundation for a deeper investigation of human rights, based on the internal integrity of thought and historical continuity rather than just formally defined norms.