This text provides a critical reflection on the concept of natural (or philosophical) theology, which seeks to prove God's existence and attributes through the observation of nature and the application of natural reason. The author argues that such a project is inherently flawed because it presupposes a necessary connection between God and the world that contradicts the Christian tradition of a free Creator and a dependent creation. The analysis is deeply rooted in the theological positions of Karl Barth, whose radical rejection of natural theology profoundly influenced Czech Protestant thought, primarily through the work of J. L. Hromádka. Furthermore, the text situates the debate within the historical context of Barth’s disputes with Brunner and Gogarten, during which natural theology transcended metaphysical boundaries to become intertwined with the ideological and political struggles of the "German Christians" movement. Ultimately, the paper examines the limitations of human reason concerning divine transcendence and the historical evolution of this theological conflict in European thought.