This study examines the transformation of human self-understanding when mythological and religious ideas enter the force field of conceptual thinking and philosophy. The author analyzes how originally non-conceptual visions, such as immortality or reincarnation, are transformed into argument-based concepts under the influence of metaphysical assumptions. A key example is the distinction between the archaic desire for immortality and the Platonic doctrine of the immortal soul. The text focuses on the historically significant encounter between the Hebrew tradition and Greek conceptual thought within Christianity, leading to active syncretism and synthesis. This process eventually undermined traditional metaphysical structures and paved the way for modern critiques of conceptualism. Ultimately, the author emphasizes that contemporary philosophical anthropology must reflect these historical shifts and develop new foundations that meet the demands of the present and the future, thereby transcending the limits of classical metaphysical thought.