This text examines the relationship between written signs and the entities they denote. The author highlights the fundamental lack of resemblance between the graphical representation of a word and the actual object it signifies. Using the word "pes" (dog) as a primary example, the analysis demonstrates that neither individual letters nor their collective arrangement visually mimic the physical characteristics of the animal. This arbitrariness is further illustrated through cross-linguistic comparison, noting that different languages employ entirely different sets of characters and sounds—such as "dog," "chien," or "Hund"—to refer to the same concept. The discussion extends to phonetics, asserting that spoken sounds, much like written letters, bear no inherent likeness to the objects they represent. Ultimately, the text underscores the conventional nature of language, where the connection between the signifier and the signified is not based on mimesis or physical similarity, but rather on an established system of symbolic representation independent of the medium's physical form.